Word meanings
- ūrdhvam
- upward
- gacchanti
- rise
- sattva-sthāḥ
- those situated in the mode of goodness
- madhye
- in the middle
- tiṣṭhanti
- stay
- rājasāḥ
- those in the mode of passion
- jaghanya
- abominable
- guṇa
- quality
- vṛtti-sthāḥ
- engaged in activities
- adhaḥ
- down
- gacchanti
- go
- tāmasāḥ
- those in the mode of ignorance
Translations
Those seated in Sattva ascend; those of Rajasic nature dwell in the middle; and those of Tamasic nature, abiding in the function of the lowest Guna, descend.
When purity is in the ascendant, the man evolves; when passion is in the ascendant, he neither evolves nor degenerates; when ignorance is in the ascendant, he is lost.
People who conform to sattva go higher up; those who conform to rajas stay in the middle; those who conform to tamas, who conform to the actions of the lowest quality, go down.
सत्त्वगुणमें स्थित मनुष्य ऊर्ध्वलोकोंमें जाते हैं, रजोगुणमें स्थित मनुष्य मृत्युलोकमें जन्म लेते हैं और निन्दनीय तमोगुणकी वृत्तिमें स्थित मनुष्य अधोगतिमें जाते हैं।Commentary
Those who abide in Sattva become the lords of heaven after giving up the physical body. The Rajasic are rorn on this earth as human beings. The Tamasic go downwards, i.e., they will be born in the wormbs of cattle and beasts. They may take their birth amongst the lowest grades of human beings. The lowest grades of human beings are only brutes though they have assumed human form. Their actions are brutal. Therefore it is not necessary for them to enter into animal incarnation. Man identifies himself with Nature on account of the force of ignorance or illusory knowledge and gets attached to the alities of Nature.
This is the cause of his birth in the wombs of high or low creatures. He feels? I am happy, miserable or deluded, on account of the attachment to the Gunas. The nature of the Gunas, their functions, how they bind a man to the Samsara, the effects of each Guna when it is predominant, and the plane reached by the man when he is under the influence of a particular Guna are described in the previous verses. Now the Lord describes in the following verse that liberation comes when one knows Him Who is above the three Gunas.