Word meanings
- tamaḥ
- mode of ignorance
- tu
- but
- ajñāna-jam
- born of ignorance
- viddhi
- know
- mohanam
- illusion
- sarva-dehinām
- for all the embodied souls
- pramāda
- negligence
- ālasya
- laziness
- nidrābhiḥ
- and sleep
- tat
- that
- nibadhnāti
- binds
- bhārata
- Arjun, the son of Bharat
Translations
But know thou Tamas to be born of ignorance, deluding all embodied beings; it binds fast, O Arjuna, through heedlessness, indolence, and sleep.
But Ignorance, the product of darkness, stupefies the senses of all embodied beings, binding them with chains of folly, indolence, and lethargy.
On the other hand, know tamas, which deludes all embodied beings, to be born of ignorance. O scion of the Bharata dynasty, it binds through inadvertence, laziness, and sleep.
हे भरतवंशी अर्जुन ! सम्पूर्ण देहधारियोंको मोहित करनेवाले तमोगुणको तुम अज्ञानसे उत्पन्न होनेवाला समझो। वह प्रमाद, आलस्य और निद्राके द्वारा देहधारियोंको बाँधता है।Commentary
Tamas is that binding force with a tendency to lethargy, sloth and foolish actions. It causes delusion or nondiscrimination. It binds him who associates the Self with the body. A Tamasic man acts under the compulsion of the wants of the body. He has no power of judgment. Troubled by the wants of the body he acts under pressure to keep himself alive. His actions are not guided by reason. They are on the plane of instinct. His senses are dull. He becomes infatuated and stupefied.
He has no inclination to work. He yawns much. He sleeps too much. He always wants to sleep. He nevr knows when and how to act, what, to whom and how to talk. He takes delight in following the wrong path. He does not know how to behave or how to address others. He is thoughtless and ignorant. He forgets everything. He is negligent and indolent. He is just in a stage higher than lifeless matter. He who is under the grip of heedlessness (Pramada) is not able to discriminate between the eternal and the noneternal.
This is an enemy of illumination, the effect of Sattva. He who is overpowered by laziness (Alasya) is not able to exert. This is an enemy of Pravritti, the effect of Rajas. Sleep (Nidra) is Laya-Vritti, (a state of absorption into ignorance) which is dependent on Tamas. This is the enemy of the works done by Sattva and Rajas.