Word meanings
- ahinsā
- non-violence
- satyam
- truthfulness
- akrodhaḥ
- absence of anger
- tyāgaḥ
- renunciation
- śāntiḥ
- peacefulness
- apaiśunam
- restraint from fault-finding
- dayā
- compassion
- bhūteṣu
- toward all living beings
- aloluptvam
- absence of covetousness
- mārdavam
- gentleness
- hrīḥ
- modesty
- acāpalam
- lack of fickleness
Translations
Harmlessness, truth, absence of anger, renunciation, peacefulness, absence of crookedness, compassion for beings, non-covetousness, gentleness, modesty, and absence of fickleness.
Harmlessness, truth, absence of wrath, renunciation, contentment, straightforwardness, compassion towards all, uncovetousness, courtesy, modesty, and constancy.
Non-injury, truthfulness, absence of anger, renunciation, control of the inner self, absence of vilification, kindness to creatures, non-covetousness, gentleness, modesty, and freedom from restlessness;
अहिंसा, सत्यभाषण; क्रोध न करना; संसारकी कामनाका त्याग; अन्तःकरणमें राग-द्वेषजनित हलचलका न होना; चुगली न करना; प्राणियोंपर दया करना सांसारिक विषयोंमें न ललचाना; अन्तःकरणकी कोमलता; अकर्तव्य करनेमें लज्जा; चपलताका अभाव।Commentary
Ahimsa Noninjury in thought, word and deed. By refraining from injuring living creatures the outgoing forces of Rajas are curbed. Ahimsa is divided into physical, verbal and mental. Satyam Truth Speaking of things as they are, without uttering unpleasant words or lies. This includes selfrestraint, absence of jealousy, forgiveness, patience, endurance and kindness. Akrodhah Absence of anger when insulted, ruked or beaten, i.e., even under the gravest provocation. Tyagah Renunciation -- literally, giving up giving up of Vasanas, egoism and the fruits of action.
Charity is also Tyaga. This has already been mentioned in the previous verse. Santih Serenity of the mind. Apaisunam Absence of narrowmindedness. Daya Compassion to those who are in distress. A man of compassion has a tender heart. He lives only for the benefit of the world. Compassion indicates realisation of unity or oneness with other creatures. Aloluptvam Noncovetousness. The senses are not affected or excited when they come in contact with their respective objects the senses are withdrawn from the objects of the senses, just as the limbs of the tortoise are withdrawn by it into its own shell.
Hrih It is shame felt in the performance of actions contrary to the rules of the Vedas or of society. Achapalam Not to speak or move the hands and legs in vain avoidance of useless action. Straightforwardness, noninjury, absence of anger, etc., are special alities of the Brahmanas. They are the Sattvic virtues which belong to them. Moreover --