Word meanings
- adhiṣṭhānam
- the body
- tathā
- also
- kartā
- the doer (soul)
- karaṇam
- senses
- ca
- and
- pṛthak-vidham
- various kinds
- vividhāḥ
- many
- ca
- and
- pṛthak
- distinct
- ceṣṭāḥ
- efforts
- daivam
- Divine Providence
- ca eva atra
- these certainly are (causes)
- pañcamam
- the fifth
Translations
The body, the doer, the various senses, the different functions of various kinds, and the presiding deity—the fifth.
They have a body, a personality, physical organs, and manifold activities and destinies.
The locus, the agent, the different kinds of organs, the many and varied activities, and the divine are the fifth here.
इसमें (कर्मोंकी सिद्धिमें) अधिष्ठान तथा कर्ता और अनेक प्रकारके करण एवं विविध प्रकारकी अलग-अलग चेष्टाएँ और वैसे ही पाँचवाँ कारण दैव (संस्कार) है।Commentary
Now listen to the characteristics of these five, of which the body is the first. It is termed the support or the seat. The body is the seat of desire, hatred, happiness, misery, knowledge and the like. The individual soul experiences through the body the pleasure and pain that arise through contact with matter. Egoism is the agent or the doer or the enjoyer. Nature does actions but through delusion the individual soul takes to himself the credit of their execution and, therefore, he is called the agent.
Karta The enjoyer putting on the nature or properties of the limiting adjuncts with which he comes into contact. Karanam prithagvidham Various organs such as the organ of hearing, by which the individual soul hears the sound, etc. organs of knowledge and action and the mind. Daivam The presiding deity such as the Sun and the other gods by whose help the eye and the other organs perform their respective functions destiny. Cheshta Play of energy in the organs or the senses during the action.
Absence of any of these factors will make action impossible.